def gf4_mul(x, y, R=0x3, MASK=0xF):
z = 0
v = x & MASK
for i in range(4):
if (y >> i) & 1:
z ^= v
msb = (v >> 3) & 1
v = (v << 1) & MASK
if msb:
v ^= R
return z & MASK
def gf4_inv(x):
result = 1
base = x
exp = (1 << 4) - 2 # 14
while exp:
if exp & 1:
result = gf4_mul(result, base)
base = gf4_mul(base, base)
exp >>= 1
return result
for t in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]:
inv_t = gf4_inv(t)
p = gf4_mul(t, inv_t)
print(f"inv({t}) = {inv_t}, {t} * inv = {p} {'OK' if p == 1 else 'FAIL'}")