---

import sys
import time
import random
import string
import hashlib

class MessageValidator:
    def __init__(self):
        self.message = "Hello World!"
        self.validators = []
        self._register_validators()
    
    def _register_validators(self):
        self.validators.append(self._check_not_empty)
        self.validators.append(self._check_type)
        self.validators.append(self._check_length)
        self.validators.append(self._check_ascii)
        self.validators.append(self._check_no_newlines)
        self.validators.append(self._check_capitalization)
    
    def _check_not_empty(self, msg):
        return msg is not None and len(msg) > 0
    
    def _check_type(self, msg):
        return isinstance(msg, str)
    
    def _check_length(self, msg):
        return 5 <= len(msg) <= 100
    
    def _check_ascii(self, msg):
        return all(ord(c) < 128 for c in msg)
    
    def _check_no_newlines(self, msg):
        return "\n" not in msg and "\r" not in msg
    
    def _check_capitalization(self, msg):
        return msg[0].isupper()
    
    def validate(self):
        for validator in self.validators:
            if not validator(self.message):
                raise ValueError("Validation failed: " + validator.__name__)
        return True

class CharacterAnalyzer:
    def __init__(self, text):
        self.text = text
    
    def count_letters(self):
        return sum(1 for c in self.text if c.isalpha())
    
    def count_uppercase(self):
        return sum(1 for c in self.text if c.isupper())
    
    def count_lowercase(self):
        return sum(1 for c in self.text if c.islower())
    
    def count_spaces(self):
        return sum(1 for c in self.text if c.isspace())
    
    def count_punctuation(self):
        return sum(1 for c in self.text if c in string.punctuation)
    
    def count_vowels(self):
        vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
        return sum(1 for c in self.text if c in vowels)
    
    def count_consonants(self):
        vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
        return sum(1 for c in self.text if c.isalpha() and c not in vowels)
    
    def get_frequency(self):
        freq = {}
        for c in self.text:
            freq[c] = freq.get(c, 0) + 1
        return freq
    
    def get_unique_chars(self):
        return set(self.text)
    
    def get_char_positions(self, char):
        return [i for i, c in enumerate(self.text) if c == char]
    
    def summary(self):
        return {
            "letters": self.count_letters(),
            "uppercase": self.count_uppercase(),
            "lowercase": self.count_lowercase(),
            "spaces": self.count_spaces(),
            "vowels": self.count_vowels(),
            "consonants": self.count_consonants(),
            "unique": len(self.get_unique_chars()),
        }

class ChecksumCalculator:
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
    
    def md5(self):
        return hashlib.md5(self.data.encode()).hexdigest()
    
    def sha1(self):
        return hashlib.sha1(self.data.encode()).hexdigest()
    
    def sha256(self):
        return hashlib.sha256(self.data.encode()).hexdigest()
    
    def crc32_simulated(self):
        checksum = 0
        for c in self.data:
            checksum = (checksum * 31 + ord(c)) % (2**32)
        return checksum
    
    def simple_sum(self):
        return sum(ord(c) for c in self.data)
    
    def xor_checksum(self):
        result = 0
        for c in self.data:
            result ^= ord(c)
        return result

class Encoder:
    def __init__(self):
        self.encoding_map = {}
        self._build_map()
    
    def _build_map(self):
        for i in range(128):
            self.encoding_map[i] = i
    
    def encode_binary(self, text):
        return " ".join(format(ord(c), "08b") for c in text)
    
    def encode_hex(self, text):
        return " ".join(format(ord(c), "02x") for c in text)
    
    def encode_octal(self, text):
        return " ".join(format(ord(c), "03o") for c in text)
    
    def encode_base64_simulated(self, text):
        alphabet = string.ascii_uppercase + string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits + "+/"
        result = ""
        data = [ord(c) for c in text]
        while len(data) % 3 != 0:
            data.append(0)
        for i in range(0, len(data), 3):
            n = (data[i] << 16) | (data[i+1] << 8) | data[i+2]
            result += alphabet[(n >> 18) & 63]
            result += alphabet[(n >> 12) & 63]
            result += alphabet[(n >> 6) & 63]
            result += alphabet[n & 63]
        return result
    
    def encode_rot13(self, text):
        result = ""
        for c in text:
            if c.isalpha():
                base = ord('A') if c.isupper() else ord('a')
                result += chr((ord(c) - base + 13) % 26 + base)
            else:
                result += c
        return result

class Decoder:
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    
    def decode_binary(self, text):
        result = ""
        for chunk in text.split():
            result += chr(int(chunk, 2))
        return result
    
    def decode_hex(self, text):
        result = ""
        for chunk in text.split():
            result += chr(int(chunk, 16))
        return result
    
    def decode_octal(self, text):
        result = ""
        for chunk in text.split():
            result += chr(int(chunk, 8))
        return result
    
    def decode_rot13(self, text):
        return Encoder().encode_rot13(text)

class StringReverser:
    def __init__(self, text):
        self.text = text
    
    def reverse(self):
        return self.text[::-1]
    
    def reverse_words(self):
        return " ".join(self.text.split()[::-1])
    
    def reverse_each_word(self):
        return " ".join(w[::-1] for w in self.text.split())
    
    def reverse_manually(self):
        result = ""
        for i in range(len(self.text) - 1, -1, -1):
            result += self.text[i]
        return result
    
    def reverse_recursive(self, s=None):
        if s is None:
            s = self.text
        if len(s) <= 1:
            return s
        return self.reverse_recursive(s[1:]) + s[0]

class PalindromeChecker:
    def __init__(self, text):
        self.text = text
    
    def is_palindrome(self):
        cleaned = self._clean(self.text)
        return cleaned == cleaned[::-1]
    
    def _clean(self, text):
        return "".join(c.lower() for c in text if c.isalnum())
    
    def is_palindrome_case_sensitive(self):
        cleaned = "".join(c for c in self.text if c.isalnum())
        return cleaned == cleaned[::-1]
    
    def longest_palindrome_substring(self):
        n = len(self.text)
        if n == 0:
            return ""
        longest = ""
        for i in range(n):
            for j in range(i, n):
                sub = self.text[i:j+1]
                if sub == sub[::-1] and len(sub) > len(longest):
                    longest = sub
        return longest

class WordCounter:
    def __init__(self, text):
        self.text = text
    
    def count_words(self):
        return len(self.text.split())
    
    def count_chars(self, include_spaces=True):
        if include_spaces:
            return len(self.text)
        return len(self.text.replace(" ", ""))
    
    def count_lines(self):
        return len(self.text.splitlines()) or 1
    
    def average_word_length(self):
        words = self.text.split()
        if not words:
            return 0.0
        return sum(len(w) for w in words) / len(words)
    
    def longest_word(self):
        words = self.text.split()
        if not words:
            return ""
        return max(words, key=len)
    
    def shortest_word(self):
        words = self.text.split()
        if not words:
            return ""
        return min(words, key=len)
    
    def word_frequency(self):
        freq = {}
        for w in self.text.split():
            freq[w] = freq.get(w, 0) + 1
        return freq

class Sorter:
    @staticmethod
    def bubble_sort(arr):
        a = arr[:]
        n = len(a)
        for i in range(n):
            for j in range(0, n - i - 1):
                if a[j] > a[j+1]:
                    a[j], a[j+1] = a[j+1], a[j]
        return a
    
    @staticmethod
    def selection_sort(arr):
        a = arr[:]
        n = len(a)
        for i in range(n):
            min_idx = i
            for j in range(i+1, n):
                if a[j] < a[min_idx]:
                    min_idx = j
            a[i], a[min_idx] = a[min_idx], a[i]
        return a
    
    @staticmethod
    def insertion_sort(arr):
        a = arr[:]
        for i in range(1, len(a)):
            key = a[i]
            j = i - 1
            while j >= 0 and a[j] > key:
                a[j+1] = a[j]
                j -= 1
            a[j+1] = key
        return a
    
    @staticmethod
    def merge_sort(arr):
        if len(arr) <= 1:
            return arr[:]
        mid = len(arr) // 2
        left = Sorter.merge_sort(arr[:mid])
        right = Sorter.merge_sort(arr[mid:])
        return Sorter._merge(left, right)
    
    @staticmethod
    def _merge(left, right):
        result = []
        i = j = 0
        while i < len(left) and j < len(right):
            if left[i] <= right[j]:
                result.append(left[i])
                i += 1
            else:
                result.append(right[j])
                j += 1
        result.extend(left[i:])
        result.extend(right[j:])
        return result
    
    @staticmethod
    def quick_sort(arr):
        if len(arr) <= 1:
            return arr[:]
        pivot = arr[len(arr)//2]
        left = [x for x in arr if x < pivot]
        middle = [x for x in arr if x == pivot]
        right = [x for x in arr if x > pivot]
        return Sorter.quick_sort(left) + middle + Sorter.quick_sort(right)

class Searcher:
    @staticmethod
    def linear_search(arr, target):
        for i, x in enumerate(arr):
            if x == target:
                return i
        return -1
    
    @staticmethod
    def binary_search(arr, target):
        lo, hi = 0, len(arr) - 1
        while lo <= hi:
            mid = (lo + hi) // 2
            if arr[mid] == target:
                return mid
            elif arr[mid] < target:
                lo = mid + 1
            else:
                hi = mid - 1
        return -1
    
    @staticmethod
    def find_all(arr, target):
        return [i for i, x in enumerate(arr) if x == target]

class MathUtils:
    @staticmethod
    def gcd(a, b):
        while b:
            a, b = b, a % b
        return a
    
    @staticmethod
    def lcm(a, b):
        return abs(a * b) // MathUtils.gcd(a, b) if a and b else 0
    
    @staticmethod
    def factorial(n):
        if n < 0:
            raise ValueError("negative")
        result = 1
        for i in range(2, n + 1):
            result *= i
        return result
    
    @staticmethod
    def fibonacci(n):
        a, b = 0, 1
        for _ in range(n):
            a, b = b, a + b
        return a
    
    @staticmethod
    def is_prime(n):
        if n < 2:
            return False
        if n < 4:
            return True
        if n % 2 == 0:
            return False
        i = 3
        while i * i <= n:
            if n % i == 0:
                return False
            i += 2
        return True
    
    @staticmethod
    def primes_up_to(n):
        return [x for x in range(2, n + 1) if MathUtils.is_prime(x)]
    
    @staticmethod
    def power(base, exp):
        result = 1
        for _ in range(exp):
            result *= base
        return result
    
    @staticmethod
    def sqrt_newton(n):
        if n < 0:
            raise ValueError("negative")
        if n == 0:
            return 0.0
        x = n / 2.0
        for _ in range(100):
            x = (x + n / x) / 2.0
        return x

class StatisticsCalculator:
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
    
    def mean(self):
        if not self.data:
            return 0
        return sum(self.data) / len(self.data)
    
    def median(self):
        if not self.data:
            return 0
        s = sorted(self.data)
        n = len(s)
        if n % 2 == 1:
            return s[n//2]
        return (s[n//2 - 1] + s[n//2]) / 2
    
    def mode(self):
        if not self.data:
            return None
        freq = {}
        for x in self.data:
            freq[x] = freq.get(x, 0) + 1
        max_freq = max(freq.values())
        return [k for k, v in freq.items() if v == max_freq]
    
    def variance(self):
        if len(self.data) < 2:
            return 0
        m = self.mean()
        return sum((x - m) ** 2 for x in self.data) / len(self.data)
    
    def std_dev(self):
        return self.variance() ** 0.5
    
    def minimum(self):
        return min(self.data) if self.data else None
    
    def maximum(self):
        return max(self.data) if self.data else None
    
    def range_value(self):
        if not self.data:
            return None
        return max(self.data) - min(self.data)

class NumberConverter:
    @staticmethod
    def to_binary(n):
        if n == 0:
            return "0"
        negative = n < 0
        n = abs(n)
        result = ""
        while n > 0:
            result = str(n % 2) + result
            n //= 2
        return "-" + result if negative else result
    
    @staticmethod
    def to_hex(n):
        digits = "0123456789abcdef"
        if n == 0:
            return "0"
        negative = n < 0
        n = abs(n)
        result = ""
        while n > 0:
            result = digits[n % 16] + result
            n //= 16
        return "-" + result if negative else result
    
    @staticmethod
    def to_octal(n):
        if n == 0:
            return "0"
        negative = n < 0
        n = abs(n)
        result = ""
        while n > 0:
            result = str(n % 8) + result
            n //= 8
        return "-" + result if negative else result
    
    @staticmethod
    def from_binary(s):
        result = 0
        for c in s:
            result = result * 2 + int(c)
        return result
    
    @staticmethod
    def from_hex(s):
        digits = "0123456789abcdef"
        result = 0
        for c in s.lower():
            result = result * 16 + digits.index(c)
        return result

class CaesarCipher:
    def __init__(self, shift):
        self.shift = shift % 26
    
    def encrypt(self, text):
        result = ""
        for c in text:
            if c.isupper():
                result += chr((ord(c) - ord('A') + self.shift) % 26 + ord('A'))
            elif c.islower():
                result += chr((ord(c) - ord('a') + self.shift) % 26 + ord('a'))
            else:
                result += c
        return result
    
    def decrypt(self, text):
        return CaesarCipher(26 - self.shift).encrypt(text)

class Stack:
    def __init__(self):
        self.items = []
    
    def push(self, item):
        self.items.append(item)
    
    def pop(self):
        if self.is_empty():
            raise IndexError("empty stack")
        return self.items.pop()
    
    def peek(self):
        if self.is_empty():
            raise IndexError("empty stack")
        return self.items[-1]
    
    def is_empty(self):
        return len(self.items) == 0
    
    def size(self):
        return len(self.items)

class Queue:
    def __init__(self):
        self.items = []
    
    def enqueue(self, item):
        self.items.append(item)
    
    def dequeue(self):
        if self.is_empty():
            raise IndexError("empty queue")
        return self.items.pop(0)
    
    def front(self):
        if self.is_empty():
            raise IndexError("empty queue")
        return self.items[0]
    
    def is_empty(self):
        return len(self.items) == 0
    
    def size(self):
        return len(self.items)

class LinkedList:
    class Node:
        def __init__(self, value):
            self.value = value
            self.next = None
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.head = None
        self.length = 0
    
    def append(self, value):
        node = LinkedList.Node(value)
        if self.head is None:
            self.head = node
        else:
            current = self.head
            while current.next:
                current = current.next
            current.next = node
        self.length += 1
    
    def prepend(self, value):
        node = LinkedList.Node(value)
        node.next = self.head
        self.head = node
        self.length += 1
    
    def to_list(self):
        result = []
        current = self.head
        while current:
            result.append(current.value)
            current = current.next
        return result

class BinaryTree:
    class Node:
        def __init__(self, value):
            self.value = value
            self.left = None
            self.right = None
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.root = None
    
    def insert(self, value):
        if self.root is None:
            self.root = BinaryTree.Node(value)
        else:
            self._insert(self.root, value)
    
    def _insert(self, node, value):
        if value < node.value:
            if node.left is None:
                node.left = BinaryTree.Node(value)
            else:
                self._insert(node.left, value)
        else:
            if node.right is None:
                node.right = BinaryTree.Node(value)
            else:
                self._insert(node.right, value)
    
    def inorder(self):
        result = []
        self._inorder(self.root, result)
        return result
    
    def _inorder(self, node, result):
        if node:
            self._inorder(node.left, result)
            result.append(node.value)
            self._inorder(node.right, result)
    
    def height(self):
        return self._height(self.root)
    
    def _height(self, node):
        if node is None:
            return 0
        return 1 + max(self._height(node.left), self._height(node.right))

class Matrix:
    def __init__(self, rows, cols, fill=0):
        self.rows = rows
        self.cols = cols
        self.data = [[fill] * cols for _ in range(rows)]
    
    def set(self, r, c, value):
        self.data[r][c] = value
    
    def get(self, r, c):
        return self.data[r][c]
    
    def add(self, other):
        result = Matrix(self.rows, self.cols)
        for i in range(self.rows):
            for j in range(self.cols):
                result.data[i][j] = self.data[i][j] + other.data[i][j]
        return result
    
    def multiply(self, other):
        result = Matrix(self.rows, other.cols)
        for i in range(self.rows):
            for j in range(other.cols):
                total = 0
                for k in range(self.cols):
                    total += self.data[i][k] * other.data[k][j]
                result.data[i][j] = total
        return result
    
    def transpose(self):
        result = Matrix(self.cols, self.rows)
        for i in range(self.rows):
            for j in range(self.cols):
                result.data[j][i] = self.data[i][j]
        return result

class Graph:
    def __init__(self):
        self.adjacency = {}
    
    def add_vertex(self, v):
        if v not in self.adjacency:
            self.adjacency[v] = []
    
    def add_edge(self, u, v):
        self.add_vertex(u)
        self.add_vertex(v)
        self.adjacency[u].append(v)
        self.adjacency[v].append(u)
    
    def bfs(self, start):
        visited = set()
        order = []
        queue = [start]
        visited.add(start)
        while queue:
            node = queue.pop(0)
            order.append(node)
            for neighbor in self.adjacency.get(node, []):
                if neighbor not in visited:
                    visited.add(neighbor)
                    queue.append(neighbor)
        return order
    
    def dfs(self, start):
        visited = set()
        order = []
        self._dfs(start, visited, order)
        return order
    
    def _dfs(self, node, visited, order):
        visited.add(node)
        order.append(node)
        for neighbor in self.adjacency.get(node, []):
            if neighbor not in visited:
                self._dfs(neighbor, visited, order)

class Pipeline:
    def __init__(self):
        self.stages = []
    
    def add_stage(self, func):
        self.stages.append(func)
        return self
    
    def run(self, value):
        for stage in self.stages:
            value = stage(value)
        return value

class OutputFormatter:
    def __init__(self):
        self.prefix = ""
        self.suffix = ""
        self.uppercase = False
        self.lowercase = False
    
    def with_prefix(self, p):
        self.prefix = p
        return self
    
    def with_suffix(self, s):
        self.suffix = s
        return self
    
    def upper(self):
        self.uppercase = True
        return self
    
    def lower(self):
        self.lowercase = True
        return self
    
    def format(self, text):
        result = self.prefix + text + self.suffix
        if self.uppercase:
            result = result.upper()
        if self.lowercase:
            result = result.lower()
        return result

class Timer:
    def __init__(self):
        self.start_time = None
        self.end_time = None
    
    def start(self):
        self.start_time = time.time()
    
    def stop(self):
        self.end_time = time.time()
    
    def elapsed(self):
        if self.start_time is None or self.end_time is None:
            return 0.0
        return self.end_time - self.start_time

class RandomGenerator:
    def __init__(self, seed=None):
        self.rng = random.Random(seed)
    
    def random_int(self, lo, hi):
        return self.rng.randint(lo, hi)
    
    def random_float(self):
        return self.rng.random()
    
    def random_choice(self, seq):
        return self.rng.choice(seq)
    
    def shuffle(self, seq):
        result = list(seq)
        self.rng.shuffle(result)
        return result
    
    def random_string(self, length):
        letters = string.ascii_letters
        return "".join(self.rng.choice(letters) for _ in range(length))

class ConfigLoader:
    def __init__(self):
        self.config = {}
    
    def set(self, key, value):
        self.config[key] = value
        return self
    
    def get(self, key, default=None):
        return self.config.get(key, default)
    
    def has(self, key):
        return key in self.config
    
    def remove(self, key):
        if key in self.config:
            del self.config[key]

class EventBus:
    def __init__(self):
        self.handlers = {}
    
    def subscribe(self, event, handler):
        if event not in self.handlers:
            self.handlers[event] = []
        self.handlers[event].append(handler)
    
    def unsubscribe(self, event, handler):
        if event in self.handlers:
            self.handlers[event].remove(handler)
    
    def publish(self, event, data=None):
        if event in self.handlers:
            for handler in self.handlers[event]:
                handler(data)

class Cache:
    def __init__(self, capacity=100):
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.store = {}
    
    def get(self, key):
        return self.store.get(key)
    
    def put(self, key, value):
        if len(self.store) >= self.capacity and key not in self.store:
            first_key = next(iter(self.store))
            del self.store[first_key]
        self.store[key] = value
    
    def contains(self, key):
        return key in self.store
    
    def clear(self):
        self.store.clear()

class Ledger:
    def __init__(self):
        self.entries = []
    
    def record(self, entry):
        self.entries.append(entry)
    
    def total(self):
        return sum(self.entries)
    
    def average(self):
        if not self.entries:
            return 0
        return self.total() / len(self.entries)
    
    def count(self):
        return len(self.entries)

class StateMachine:
    def __init__(self, states, initial):
        self.states = states
        self.current = initial
        self.transitions = {}
    
    def add_transition(self, from_state, to_state, trigger):
        if from_state not in self.transitions:
            self.transitions[from_state] = {}
        self.transitions[from_state][trigger] = to_state
    
    def trigger(self, event):
        if self.current in self.transitions and event in self.transitions[self.current]:
            self.current = self.transitions[self.current][event]
            return True
        return False

class Serializer:
    @staticmethod
    def to_key_value(text):
        result = {}
        parts = text.split()
        for i, part in enumerate(parts):
            result["part_" + str(i)] = part
        return result
    
    @staticmethod
    def to_csv_row(values):
        return ",".join(str(v) for v in values)
    
    @staticmethod
    def to_pipe_row(values):
        return "|".join(str(v) for v in values)

def compose(*functions):
    def composed(x):
        for f in functions:
            x = f(x)
        return x
    return composed

def identity(x):
    return x

def constant(value):
    def inner(_):
        return value
    return inner

def add(a, b):
    return a + b

def multiply(a, b):
    return a * b

def negate(x):
    return -x

def square(x):
    return x * x

def cube(x):
    return x * x * x

def increment(x):
    return x + 1

def decrement(x):
    return x - 1

def double(x):
    return x * 2

def halve(x):
    return x / 2

def build_message_pipeline():
    pipeline = Pipeline()
    pipeline.add_stage(lambda s: s)
    pipeline.add_stage(lambda s: s)
    pipeline.add_stage(lambda s: s)
    return pipeline

def build_analysis_report(text):
    analyzer = CharacterAnalyzer(text)
    counter = WordCounter(text)
    checksum = ChecksumCalculator(text)
    return {
        "chars": analyzer.summary(),
        "words": counter.count_words(),
        "md5": checksum.md5(),
        "sha256": checksum.sha256(),
        "crc": checksum.crc32_simulated(),
        "xor": checksum.xor_checksum(),
    }

def demonstrate_sorting():
    data = [5, 3, 8, 1, 9, 2, 7, 4, 6]
    results = {
        "bubble": Sorter.bubble_sort(data),
        "selection": Sorter.selection_sort(data),
        "insertion": Sorter.insertion_sort(data),
        "merge": Sorter.merge_sort(data),
        "quick": Sorter.quick_sort(data),
    }
    return results

def demonstrate_search():
    data = list(range(20))
    return {
        "linear": Searcher.linear_search(data, 13),
        "binary": Searcher.binary_search(data, 13),
        "all_5": Searcher.find_all([1, 5, 2, 5, 3, 5], 5),
    }

def demonstrate_math():
    return {
        "gcd": MathUtils.gcd(48, 18),
        "lcm": MathUtils.lcm(4, 6),
        "factorial": MathUtils.factorial(6),
        "fibonacci": MathUtils.fibonacci(10),
        "primes": MathUtils.primes_up_to(30),
        "sqrt": MathUtils.sqrt_newton(144),
        "power": MathUtils.power(2, 10),
    }

def demonstrate_statistics():
    stats = StatisticsCalculator([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
    return {
        "mean": stats.mean(),
        "median": stats.median(),
        "mode": stats.mode(),
        "variance": stats.variance(),
        "std": stats.std_dev(),
        "min": stats.minimum(),
        "max": stats.maximum(),
        "range": stats.range_value(),
    }

def demonstrate_conversion():
    return {
        "bin": NumberConverter.to_binary(42),
        "hex": NumberConverter.to_hex(255),
        "oct": NumberConverter.to_octal(64),
        "from_bin": NumberConverter.from_binary("101010"),
        "from_hex": NumberConverter.from_hex("ff"),
    }

def demonstrate_cipher():
    cipher = CaesarCipher(3)
    encrypted = cipher.encrypt("Hello World!")
    decrypted = cipher.decrypt(encrypted)
    return {
        "encrypted": encrypted,
        "decrypted": decrypted,
    }

def demonstrate_structures():
    stack = Stack()
    stack.push(1)
    stack.push(2)
    stack.push(3)
    queue = Queue()
    queue.enqueue(1)
    queue.enqueue(2)
    queue.enqueue(3)
    ll = LinkedList()
    ll.append(1)
    ll.append(2)
    ll.prepend(0)
    tree = BinaryTree()
    for v in [5, 3, 7, 1, 4, 6, 8]:
        tree.insert(v)
    graph = Graph()
    graph.add_edge("a", "b")
    graph.add_edge("b", "c")
    graph.add_edge("c", "d")
    return {
        "stack_pop": stack.pop(),
        "queue_dequeue": queue.dequeue(),
        "linked_list": ll.to_list(),
        "tree_inorder": tree.inorder(),
        "tree_height": tree.height(),
        "bfs": graph.bfs("a"),
        "dfs": graph.dfs("a"),
    }

def demonstrate_matrix():
    a = Matrix(2, 2)
    a.set(0, 0, 1); a.set(0, 1, 2)
    a.set(1, 0, 3); a.set(1, 1, 4)
    b = Matrix(2, 2)
    b.set(0, 0, 5); b.set(0, 1, 6)
    b.set(1, 0, 7); b.set(1, 1, 8)
    sum_m = a.add(b)
    prod_m = a.multiply(b)
    trans_m = a.transpose()
    return {
        "sum": sum_m.data,
        "prod": prod_m.data,
        "transpose": trans_m.data,
    }

def demonstrate_encoder():
    enc = Encoder()
    text = "Hi"
    return {
        "binary": enc.encode_binary(text),
        "hex": enc.encode_hex(text),
        "octal": enc.encode_octal(text),
        "base64": enc.encode_base64_simulated(text),
        "rot13": enc.encode_rot13(text),
        "decoded": Decoder().decode_binary(enc.encode_binary(text)),
    }

def demonstrate_reverse():
    r = StringReverser("Hello World")
    return {
        "reverse": r.reverse(),
        "words": r.reverse_words(),
        "each": r.reverse_each_word(),
        "manual": r.reverse_manually(),
        "recursive": r.reverse_recursive(),
    }

def demonstrate_palindrome():
    p = PalindromeChecker("A man a plan a canal Panama")
    q = PalindromeChecker("hello")
    return {
        "is_pal": p.is_palindrome(),
        "is_pal_q": q.is_palindrome(),
        "longest": p.longest_palindrome_substring(),
    }

def demonstrate_word_counter():
    wc = WordCounter("the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog")
    return {
        "words": wc.count_words(),
        "chars": wc.count_chars(),
        "avg_len": wc.average_word_length(),
        "longest": wc.longest_word(),
        "shortest": wc.shortest_word(),
        "freq": wc.word_frequency(),
    }

def demonstrate_pipeline():
    p = build_message_pipeline()
    return p.run("Hello World!")

def demonstrate_formatter():
    f = OutputFormatter()
    f.with_prefix("[")
    f.with_suffix("]")
    return f.format("Hello World!")

def demonstrate_cache():
    c = Cache(2)
    c.put("a", 1)
    c.put("b", 2)
    c.put("c", 3)
    return {
        "a": c.get("a"),
        "b": c.get("b"),
        "c": c.get("c"),
    }

def demonstrate_state_machine():
    sm = StateMachine(["idle", "running", "done"], "idle")
    sm.add_transition("idle", "running", "start")
    sm.add_transition("running", "done", "finish")
    sm.trigger("start")
    first = sm.current
    sm.trigger("finish")
    return {
        "after_start": first,
        "after_finish": sm.current,
    }

def demonstrate_event_bus():
    bus = EventBus()
    log = []
    bus.subscribe("hello", lambda d: log.append(d))
    bus.publish("hello", "Hello World!")
    return log

def demonstrate_ledger():
    led = Ledger()
    for i in range(1, 11):
        led.record(i)
    return {
        "total": led.total(),
        "average": led.average(),
        "count": led.count(),
    }

def demonstrate_serializer():
    return {
        "kv": Serializer.to_key_value("Hello World"),
        "csv": Serializer.to_csv_row([1, 2, 3]),
        "pipe": Serializer.to_pipe_row([1, 2, 3]),
    }

def demonstrate_functional():
    f = compose(increment, double, square)
    g = compose(negate, increment)
    return {
        "composed": f(3),
        "negated": g(10),
        "identity": identity("Hello"),
        "constant": constant(42)("anything"),
    }

def demonstrate_validation():
    v = MessageValidator()
    v.validate()
    return v.message

def demonstrate_checksum():
    c = ChecksumCalculator("Hello World!")
    return {
        "md5": c.md5(),
        "sha1": c.sha1(),
        "sha256": c.sha256(),
        "crc": c.crc32_simulated(),
        "sum": c.simple_sum(),
        "xor": c.xor_checksum(),
    }

def run_diagnostics():
    results = {}
    results["sort"] = demonstrate_sorting()
    results["search"] = demonstrate_search()
    results["math"] = demonstrate_math()
    results["stats"] = demonstrate_statistics()
    results["conv"] = demonstrate_conversion()
    results["cipher"] = demonstrate_cipher()
    results["struct"] = demonstrate_structures()
    results["matrix"] = demonstrate_matrix()
    results["enc"] = demonstrate_encoder()
    results["rev"] = demonstrate_reverse()
    results["pal"] = demonstrate_palindrome()
    results["wc"] = demonstrate_word_counter()
    results["pipe"] = demonstrate_pipeline()
    results["fmt"] = demonstrate_formatter()
    results["cache"] = demonstrate_cache()
    results["sm"] = demonstrate_state_machine()
    results["bus"] = demonstrate_event_bus()
    results["ledger"] = demonstrate_ledger()
    results["ser"] = demonstrate_serializer()
    results["func"] = demonstrate_functional()
    results["valid"] = demonstrate_validation()
    results["check"] = demonstrate_checksum()
    return results

def final_output():
    message = "Hello World!"
    validator = MessageValidator()
    validator.message = message
    validator.validate()
    analyzer = CharacterAnalyzer(message)
    stats = analyzer.summary()
    counter = WordCounter(message)
    words = counter.count_words()
    checksum = ChecksumCalculator(message)
    digest = checksum.md5()
    pipeline = Pipeline()
    pipeline.add_stage(identity)
    pipeline.add_stage(identity)
    pipeline.add_stage(identity)
    result = pipeline.run(message)
    formatter = OutputFormatter()
    formatted = formatter.format(result)
    timer = Timer()
    timer.start()
    timer.stop()
    elapsed = timer.elapsed()
    return formatted

def main():
    diagnostics = run_diagnostics()
    output = final_output()
    print(output)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()